Gel Detergent Cascade

USES PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZENE BENZENE

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

aromatic substitution can follow three paths, electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radicals. Reactions aromatic substitution are most commonly caused by electrophilic reagents. Their ability to act as an electron donor due to the polarization of the benzene ring. Typical reactions of benzene are substitutes. Relief workers most frequently used are chlorine, bromine, nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid.

Halogenation

chlorine and bromine substitution derivatives are called aryl halides.
C6H5Cl C6H6 + Cl2 + HCl C6H6 + Br2 Chlorobenzene
C6H5Br + HBr bromobenzene

The halogenation is favored by low temperature and a catalyst such as iron or aluminum trichloride, which polarizes the halogen X  strongly to produce the reaction. The catalysts are usually substances that are deficient in electrons. Sulfonation

When benzene hydrocarbons are treated with fuming sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid containing sulfur trioxide) H2SO4 + SO3 form characteristic compounds that are known as sulfonic acids. In fact, it is believed that the active agent is SO3

C6H6 + + H2O C6H5SO3H HOSO3H benzene sulfonic acid

Nitration

fuming nitric acid or a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids (nitrating mixture), a part of nitric acid and three sulfur produces Nitroderivatives , by substitution. Sulfuric acid absorbs the water produced in the nitration, and prevents the reverse reaction: C6H6 +

C6H5NO2 + H2O HONO2 Nitro-benzene

Combustion.

Benzene is flammable and burns with sooty flame, most characteristic property of aromatic compounds and is due to its high carbon content.

+15 2 C6H6 + O2 6H2O 12CO2

hydrogenation.
benzene ring by catalysis, fixed six hydrogen atoms, forming cyclohexane, thus maintaining the structure of the closed chain.

3H2 C6H6 + C6H12

Synthesis and Friedel Crafts Alkylation

Benzene reacts with alkyl halides in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride as a catalyst, forming counterparts.

C6H5CH3 + C6H6 + HCl CH3Cl Toluene

The attack on the benzene ring by the electrophilic CH3 ion is similar to that made by the Cl ion in the halogenation.

Wurtz Synthesis - Fitting.

A modification of the Wurtz of the aliphatic series. Homologues of benzene can be prepared by heating an ethereal solution of an alkyl halide and a method sodio.Este aryl has the advantage over the Friedel - Crafts, that we know the structure of the product and can easily enter long strings normal.

PROPERTIES PHYSICAL

aromatic series is characterized by great stability due to the multiple forms resonant very low reactivity presenta.Muestra addition reactions. Benzene is a flat molecule with a high degree of saturation which favors substitution reactions. It is a liquid less dense than water and slightly soluble in ella.Es very soluble in other hydrocarbons. Benzene is very toxic to man