Hipólito Irigoyen was a mystical figure of radicalism, never gave a speech, not interested in stories and photos
no elections in 1916 the new Law Saenz Peña, 1912, radicalism presents presidential ticket: Hipólito Irigoyen - Luna
3 political parties are facing: Radicals, Conservatives and a few Socialists who had achieved a foothold in the city of Buenos Ace Lisandro de la Torre wanted to unite liberals and curators from different provinces in the Democratic Progressive Party but could not get.
The Radicalism was a well organized political party at national level, supported by committees located throughout the country.
Conservatives were a heterogeneous group of political ideas, poorly organized, but convinced of his electoral victory. They were part of all politicians who had come to power in 1880 by the hand of Julio Argentino Roca, is represented to the government.
triumphs radicalism and became the first president elected under Saenz Peña Law.
was a nationalist and popular government.
Irigoyen representing low-and middle sectors of society since the beginning of the century were opposed to the political leadership of the old oligarchic leadership. These sectors had been an intellectual shift due to free educational preparation (Act 1420), and demanded their political participation and improvements in working conditions.
emerged the first unions that play across the country increasingly pressuring the government. Had a more moderate stance against the anarchists accepted capitalism and believe in the negotiation through dialogue.
His government tried from the outset more equitably distribute the wealth of the state and the profits generated from the existing agro-export model.
try to keep a fraternal dialogue between the state-employer-workers but often the social manifestations of the control was slipping.
endured the effects of World War I, as there was a significant drop in exports during the first 2 years of his administration.
The economy suffered a significant wage inflation and falling constantly, on the other hand decreased significantly by generating exports unemployment.
tried to govern under the mandates of the Constitution, condemned and tried to debug the fraudulent acts of the previous election.
passed laws such as the retirement of employees of private companies, days of 8 hours, Sunday rest, minimum wages, collective bargaining agreements.
forbade the eviction and rent increases.
He protected the Indians and settled legally in their land.
Development agriculture and livestock, providing soft loans to farmers.
bought used boats and drove in the National Merchant Marine.
supported the exploitation of oil (found by chance in 1907), and created YPF (Fiscal Oilfields), stopping the attempted monopoly of foreign companies.
promoted the nationalization of railways in British hands.
Conservatives still had a majority in the House of Representatives and Senate and were able to block many projects of the executive.
Many provinces also remained in the hands of conservatives, and Irigoyen said to control them through federal intervention, he considered illegitimate to those governments that were there before the elections in 1916.
Irigoyen sought support in youth, in the student sector, and supported the university reform, they have been asking. The movement originated in Córdoba and protested against the interference and influence ecclesiastical education. Also opposed to the outdated methods of teaching. These students had received the socialist ideas of the Russian Revolution and Mexican.
also sought a rapprochement with the workers supporting some strikes that unions decided to make as forceful measures to achieve various improvements in working conditions.
Conflict Highlights:
Tragic Week:
Workers in the metal workshops Vasena in 1919, demanded a reduction in working hours to 8 hours a day and repudiated the wage reduction and unfair dismissal. To counter the strike the employers on staff (Patriot League) so that together with the forces chased the workers, resulting in many death. Armories were looted, burned churches, making workshops. Gen. Dellepiane was commissioned to repel a rebellion that lasted a week.
La Patagonia Rebelde:
The drop in exports and the price of wool totally made the deposits are piled bales of wool for lack of buyers. In 1920 and 1921 strikes were generated laborers already living in inhumane conditions. In 1922, driven by FORA (Federación Obrera Regional Argentina) demanded by these strikes better wages and working conditions. Parallel infiltrated criminal groups and committed outrages they attributed it to the workers. Landowners violently suppressed these facts. Irigoyen sent Lieutenant Varela to resolve the conflict and used all his power to appease the strikers, many were tortured and shot dead. Some fled to Chile.
The Forest:
In 1905 a British company has acquired 2,300,000. with quebracho forests in the province of Chaco and Formosa. Was to remove tannin for tanning hides. The operation was predatory and never took into account a reforestation plan for these trees, since the quebracho takes 150 years to reach the age for the extraction of tannin. But not only exploited the forests but also to all loggers living under deplorable living conditions, almost exclavisantes. Little food, long hours, without protection of health, became ill with tuberculosis or biting una víbora. La esperanza de vida era de aproximadamente 35 años. El estado nunca controló lo que allí sucedía.
Reforma Universitaria:
Fue un movimiento que se inició en Córdoba y se extendió a otras Universidades Nacionales. Los estudiantes reclamaban participación en el gobierno de las facultades, junto a profesores y exalumnos. Además pedían una modernización y actualización de metodología didácticas, profesores y planes de estudios, y se oponían a la injerencia eclesiástica en la conducción de la misma. Irigoyen apoyó la reforma y la misma was carried out successfully.
INTERNATIONAL SITUATION:
In 1914 begins the Great World War, Argentina was kept in a neutral position because he wanted to keep the business with existing customers such as Britain.
Germany sinks a U.S. ship and this country decides to enter the conflict. Argentina remains neutral, and begin a U.S. withdrawal
triumphed proletarian revolution led by Lenin in Russia. The Czar was overthrown and the workers, soldiers and peasants became politicized Russian power.
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