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The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 pushed through even world which a single power, the United States, exercised undisputed military hegemony, together with a formidable economic power.

The May 14, 1989. Carlos Menem, the Peronist candidate Popular Front (Frejupo and PJ coalition with several parties. Was imposed on the radical Eduardo Angeloz with 49.3% of the vote. On July 8, with circus months in advance - The handover was scheduled for December 10, before the delicate economic and social situation, Menem basin by the Office of the President.

inherited an economy in rapid breakdown, hyperinflation close to $ 5,000% and external debt was around 63,000 million dollars. Once in office, changed the populist message of his campaign for a tough adjustment program, whose character ultraliberal caused divisions within the CGT and accusations from various sectors, as contrary to the tenets of General Peron.

The new president was merely implementing what academics, economists and U.S. officials and the World Bank and International Monetary Fund established in early 1989 in the so-called 'Consensus Washington: The paper included the ten points expressing the needs and options in the world to the twenty-first century: fiscal discipline, public expenditure priorities in education and health, tax reform, positive interest rales determined by the market, rates competitive exchange, liberal trade policies, greater openness and foreign investment., privatization of public enterprises, deregulation and protection of private property. Also decided to grant financial assistance to indebted countries to adopt policies suggested by the Consensus.

to channel these recommendations, Menem quickly abandoned their promises to salariazo and productive revolution. Appointed Economy Minister Miguel Roig first, then Rapanelli Nestor, both senior executives from Bunge y Born. The Bunge y Born "Plan established price controls on imports closed and the convening of joint negotiations between employers and unions. Also approved the Law on State Reform and the Economic Emergency Law, which outlined a comprehensive plan of privatization and endowed the spacious Executive fa culties. The plan failed. Inflation did not stop the recession was increasing. Therefore took on the Calera Economy Minister of Economics, La Rioja Antonio Erman Gonzalez, who in 1990 launched a new plan. One of the first measures was the compulsive exchange fixed-term deposits Bonds. This caused irreparable damage on the sector of small and medium savers

Menem cultivated an alliance with Conservatives traditionally anti-Peronist sectors who occupied important positions in government. Thus, the privatization process was conducted by José Roberto and Maria Julia Alsogaray Dromi Towards the end of Menem's presidency and was virtually no company in state hands. Oil company YPF was privatized, Airlines Argentina, Entel, gas state, the National Savings and Security, Sanitation, airports, mail, electricity, social security, two steel plants, the Hacienda de Liniers market radios, TV channels. roads railways While preaching privatizing advised to break the state monopoly, the contractors of enjoyed a virtual monopoly, since it is geographically distributed service provision. This transformed the users hostage to the companies, which set high fees and freely reduced services to the territories that it gave them greater profits. The rail service, for example, was Greater Buenos Aires small and isolated left large areas of the country. Privatization provided some 25.006 million dollars. Between 1989 and 1990 as part of a policy of national reconciliation. Menem pardoned the maximum responsible for the repression during the dictatorship, Jorge Rafael Videla, Roberto Eduardo Viola and Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri, and about 220 military and civilian, including montonero leader Mario Firmenich, the December 3, 1990, occurred last military coup led by Colonel carapintadas Ah Mohamed Seineldin The uprising was quelled in 1994, was abolished compulsory military service

During his administration, Menem aligned with the United States, seeking to anchor the country in the West. His foreign minister, Guido Di Tolla, even said that Argentina maintained carnal relations with that country. In 1991, before the conflict in the Persian Gulf sent troops to the area, breaking the long tradition of neutrality in Argentina. Then he positioned the U.S. side as respect to Cuba and other approaches in geopolitical and reached the status of NATO ally The country also resigned in 1990, and meanwhile develop nuclear weapons in order internal scandals followed a series of economic gives great proportions. Many staff found a lack of controls impunity to do business at state expense and Carlos Miguel Angel Vicco Spadone Secretary and presidential adviser respectively were involved in the sale of milk unfit for human consumption adviser Emir Yoma and the Minister of Works and Utilities. Roberto Dromi, decided to resign after calling bribes to American company Swift several relatives and friends of the President were investigated for drug money laundering including his sister and personal signal secretariat, Amira Yoma, officials from the U.S. company IBM and Bank l Nation to Argentina were involved in the charge and payment of bribes to posibitiar to sign a contract that benefited the foreign company

of the numerous reports Menem won a penalty which increased from four to Nine members of the Supreme Court. Justice is appointed -by mechanisms that were strongly questioned six of the nine members who would have this court. And was made an automatic majority that has never been issued against the decisions of the Executive

In 1991 he was appointed Minister of Economy Domingo Felipe a figure accepted by the establishment as it had nationalized the debt of major private economic groups when he chaired the Central Bank during the dictatorship. Soon, Congress passed the Monetary Convertibility Lev fixing the price of austral rate of 10,000 units for $ 1. Plan in 1992 regained the weight as national unit of account accurate and fixed parity against the dollar. It also prohibited any issues without the backing currency in foreign exchange reserves. While the program brought ap r ected some stability, ability to travel abroad , installment purchases and credit cards, these fruits had as a counterpart falling real wages, which recovered from inflation, would begin a steady decline. wages were frozen but prices of the products of the family budget and utility rates and rents are not. The poverty rate decreased was just a reflection of declining that of inflation accompanied by a brief growth of GDP and therefore not a redistribution of wealth. The export growth was concentrated in areas of use 'rltensivo of natural resources and the wage gap between skilled and unskilled labor grew

In 1992, a bomb destroyed the Embassy of Israel and two years later, another bomb demolished the headquarters of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina AMIA). Between the two attacks 116 people died and 550 were injured After years of research still nothing has been clarified and those responsible remain unpunished.

Argentina resigned in 1992 to sovereign immunity and affirmed the jurisdiction of the courts of New York for contracts linked to foreign debt. A year later, the government issued 25.000 million in bonds, which allowed creditors to rid banks of bad loans Cavallo As this was the way to solve the problem of external debt. In 1993, Menem and Alfonsin signed the so-called Olivos Pact by which accepted the Constitutional reform be reflected in policy and institutional changes whose most striking point was the reelection in 1994, was 1mb-mt4gada the new constitution which provided for shortening the presidential term to four years! presidential reelection, empower Buenos Aires City, the creation of the Council of the Magistracy, the choice of 'I senators and a new chapter, entitled "New Rights and Guarantees

In response to the Pact of Olivos, sectors of the opposition among the leaders who were and as Ferrando PJ Solanas, Chacho Alvarez, Juan Pablo Gallero, fa sectors Christian Democrats Carlos Auyero and Graciela Fernández Mehide and socialist groups led by Alfredo Bravo founded the Frente Grande.

THE January 1, 1994, under the agreement by Canada, the United States and Mexico entered into force on Free Trade of North America (NAFTA). At the same time, generating in Mexico led reaction by Subcomandante Marcos, the Zapatista National Liberation Army against government decisions, in order to comply with the NAFTA ensured the estates causing the extinction of the communal property

On March 15, 1995, died in a helicopter crash the son of President Carlos Facundo Menem His mother, Zulema Yoma, said the theory of an attack from the environment of her husband.

In 995, Menem won reelection with 49.6% of the vote, followed by the formula José Octavio Bordon-Carlos "Chacho" Alvarez, the Frente País Solidario (Frepaso) The PJ gets 434 seats in unemployment and the whole social aspect.

The CGT during Alfonsin's government led general strikes out 14, only made their voices heard since 1998, when launched two general strikes. Faced with little or no the combativeness of the central working official is formed alternative organizations Argentine Workers Movement (MTA), the Central de Trabajadores Argentinos (CIA) and the current Class and Combative (CCC).

In January 1997, he found the charred body of photojournalist José Luis Cabezas! The crime is soon linked to criminal gangs composed of the Buenos Aires police elective and businessman Alfredo Yabran, who Cavallo had denounced in 1996 as a member of an economic mafia. In 1996, Judge Jose Luis Macchi called for the capture of the employer, who committed suicide in one of his stays in Entre Ríos.

Following the allegations made against businessman Alfredo Yabrán, Domingo Cavallo resigned from his post on July 27, 1996 and was replaced by Roque Fernandez, who gave his economic policy conlinuidad.

In 1997, the Alliance, formed by radical Frepaso and small regional parties won with 45.7% of the votes in legislative elections. PJ lost the majority in the Chamber of Deputies for the first time since 1987. A of the first measures was the repeal of the laws of Punto Final (1986) and Due Obedience (4987), who were not retroactive, and by therefore did not affect the military impunity enjoyed a result. Research related to abductions Baby during the dictatorship continued yen 4998, Jorge Rafael Videla was arrested, but was granted prison of old age home.