On June 4, 1943 the GOU (United Officers' Group) decided to come to power through a coup, taking now the president Pedro Ramírez, minister of war of the previous government. As Minister of War Gen. Peron came who also organized the Department of Social Welfare.
Broke to repeat history and a democratic government was "turned" by a military coup, would appeal to authoritarian practices and the dissolution of Congress, banning political parties and control of media and intervention to universities.
Revolution became very popular because of the great propaganda carried by radio and newspapers, highlighting the position of Perón with respect to the reconciliation between workers and employers.
The opposition formed by radical conservatives, communists, and confident that Ramirez would be responsible for achieving elections without fraud, which supported the coup.
Soon was fascist orientation of the revolutionaries through the efforts of an authoritarian, as the state of emergency, banning of political parties the involvement of universities and the control of the media.
The opposition draws support
Ramirez sent an official to Germany to negotiate for arms, this was frowned upon by the Allied powers and forced him to break with the countries axis.
Ramirez was removed and replaced by Farrel and Peron Edelmiro be vice president.
Farrel makes the decision to declare war on the axis, but it was too late, Germany was defeated.
Perón has dual power, decides to take hold in the army and in turn driving the great mass of working men formed when the country began the process of production, replacing imports.
This is to convince the military to launch a new political era in Argentina, distributing wealth through Keinesianas ideas, implemented by Roosevelt's New Deal after the 1929 crisis.
The state should increase the purchasing power of its inhabitants, yet to cost of debt. In this way increased the salaries of workers and fought to reconcile employer and workers by government intervention.
signed new labor agreements, granted vacation pay, Christmas bonus, improved pensions, established the minimum wage and enacted the statute of rural workers.
was also strong workers' unions.
Perón said: "Produce more to live better"
All these measures made him very popular, but produced the discontent of others. The opposition thought it was going to perpetuate the power and threatening democracy.
entrepreneurs the other side did not agree to grant such power and benefits to workers.
Perón said that it was avoided the war of classes, ie fighting communism.
The opposition proposed a march in favor of the Constitution and Freedom, for the September 19, 1945, asked the government to pass the president's hands of the court.
This makes him join the military was unhappy and asked for the resignation of Perón, and sent prisoner to the island Martin Garcia
The opposition believes it has triumphed, but unexpectedly a group of workers of all branches, with police and soldiers began a march to Plaza de Mayo on October 17 calling for the release of driver, and to continue in office.
had no options, Perón won the support of a large mass of workers coming from everywhere of the capital. After a negotiation, where the General was away from public activity, return to rule, giving an unforgettable speech to all the acolytes elated by victory.
Eva Duarte was the manager of this memorable day known as "the day of loyalty" and always remembered.
Perón created the Labour Party, formed by sections of the CGT, some radicals led by Hortensio Quijano, conservative, industry groups, military and church. The support was almost total.
The new formula is called: Perón-Quijano
The opposition was called "Democratic Union" and formed by radicals, communists, socialists and the Progressive Democrats. Tamborini-Mosca were postulated. These represented a totalitarian government of Peron as estaudinenses authorities supported this party, as Ambassador Braden. Labor opposition faced with the slogan: Branden or Perón
The church forced the faithful to vote for the Labour Party since the Communists in the opposition did not accept it.
February 24, 1946, fair elections, won the Perón-Quijano total majority in both Deputies and Senators. Corrientes only remained in the hands of the opposition.
Perón continued the policy of his predecessor Farrell and was shedding staff ideology contrary, maintained the action to universities and controlled the media. Economically applied the ideas of Keynes and intervened in the economy, tending to distribute wealth more equitably. This was made possible by the good time that was happening excessive Argentina for agricultural exports.
began a policy of nationalization of companies such as railways, gas, telephones, electricity. In 1948 creates the IAPI (Argentine Institute for the Promotion of Imports), to act as controller of imports and exports. Nationalized the Central Bank, the regular meeting and created the Bank of Industrial Credit and company as SOMISA.
IAPI With purchase all the crops of the country and sold abroad. Gains from the results in soft loans to industrial and encouraging consumption.
The industry had great development with the support of state and the workers who had established a political-social with Peronism. Most industries settled in the suburban belt of Buenos Aires, there was enough power, good transportation and port.
The industries were almost all consumer goods were, for all these new consumers who wanted to improve their social status. There were heavy and basic industries.
Argentina became a country creditor, for several months were not debt, because they paid an outstanding balance of the previous government.
opened in 1949 Ezeiza airport, thanks to the social policy implemented is built hospitals, homes and schools. Construction grew significantly.
organized the state's economy by implementing two five-year plans in 1947 and in 1952
The government has always sided with workers, so wages remained high, but no matter, because transferred industrialists such increases to prices fuel inflation. Had very good internal comerical activity.
continued providing benefits to workers as severance, vacation pay, bonuses, workers' compensation insurance, pensions, family wages, housing loans, etc.
Eva Duarte de Perón created a foundation that bore his name and had a crucial role in support of the "shirtless" as she called them. Was distributed clothes, food, medicines, school supplies, toys. Built children's hospitals, homes for the elderly, homes, community centers for food, holiday camps, orphanages, care centers, assistance to single mothers, sports tournaments, etc. He also managed to amend the Constitution to vote for women over 18.
tourism was promoted to the salaried sector. They built large hotels on the coast of Mar del Plata, Cordoba and Bariloche. Many families had their first vacation. Between 1950 and 1960 was the heyday of this form of tourism in the city of Mar del Plata.}
The opposition is not frowned upon social policy, because it was done with public money and are provided to the mass of employees had a position of allegiance to his driver.
In 1949, amends the Constitution of 1949, as this was liberal and did not conform to general guidelines.
was possible to obtain re-election of the presidency, women could vote, were established seniority rights, the family and the worker. We determined the state intervention in the state's economy away from liberal ideas. Was banned the sale of energy resources and public services to private and only remaining in state hands. He joined the writ of habeas corpus as a constitutional guarantee. It was established that the capital should be employed by the economy and the economy would be for the welfare of the people. This Constitution was in force until 1955.
Perón signed the minutes of Chapultepec, which was established with the U.S. a pact of mutual assistance among countries in Latin. This was done for the purpose of smooth things over because of the unique situation facing the Allies in World War II. It also improved relations with the USSR, but always maintained the third position, neither capitalist nor socialist.
fostered and spread the sport at its best. Argentina created the Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee later in Argentina. Tournaments were famous Evita.
Culturally, whether in film, radio and theater always did what government did, so no further progress had no relevance at the international level, the opposition always criticize the authoritarian stance and censorship government.
policy time re distribution of wealth was having difficulties, because each day had fewer resources of the national state. The prices of agricultural products were down due to Europe's recovery, as well as stopped buying, since they also produced. Many countries began to purchase U.S. the unit established through the Marshall Plan for European recovery. Estaudinense technology was always better than local which also stopped exporting.
The government had to take a shift in economic policy. It should work more and consume less. Concessions were granted to foreign companies to exploit oil in the Patagonia. There were severe droughts that damaged grain crops, which further complicated the situation nationwide.
unions began to demand and to express opposition. Anyway Peron is re-elected again with 62.5% of the votes, beating the formula-Frondizi Balbin. In the year 1952. Eva Duarte was to be the vice president, but the military did not accept this nomination. Eva anyway had resigned due to illness of cancer. He died in July 1952, causing a deep popular pain, and overshadowing to Always personal brilliance of General Peron.
The crisis continued shrinking the pocket of the workers, in turn the government is getting harder and authoritarian. The church criticized this approach and making distance, supporting the Christian Democratic Party, according to orders from the Vatican. Peron says his party is a Democrat and a Christian. Not accept the separation of the church.
Perón legalized divorce, legalized prostitution and suppresses religion compulsory in schools, starting a war. Not allow the procession of Corpus Christi. Peron is excommunicated, in turn exempts three monsignors Perón from office.
Furthermore deepens military discontent within the armed forces, that power with the support of opposition parties.
June 16 produces one of the most violent patient in the center of the federal capital. The Plaza de Mayo is bombed by aircraft of the armed forces There were 300 dead and hundreds injured. In retaliation (Peron calls) were burned churches and political hubs. It was a civil war.
wanted to organize the CGT rebel groups to defend themselves but Perón did not leave, and tried to continue governing to improve a situation that was untenable, who had also lost their power and political support. Only workers were devoted to him.
The September 16, 1955 there was a military uprising in Cordoba, led by General Lonardi, known as Liberator revolution. The army did not come in defense of democratic government, so was forced to resign and go into exile in a Paraguayan gunboat.
The coup was promoted from the U.S. and supported by the bourgeoisie, the landed oligarchy, the Catholic Church, the UCR, the Socialist Party and the Communist Party, among others. Its purpose was to allow greater penetration imperialist conquests settle the workers and their organizations.
During the nine years of the authoritarian government, focused all the power in the hands of one person, its leader, General Juan D. Perón. Time proved that Peronism was a real social movement and could recover. Its leader will return to the political history of Argentina in 1973, was elected president a third time, like no other politically it was until today.
0 comments:
Post a Comment